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01
ҵİҵӣҵıá˻ôԽ׽أϸϸĽ
вһͳУСʱڳǹ򳤴ģҵļ嶼ӵ̺ҵ⹫á
ǵģҺӵȻǱˣҲףҼ֪ҵšһϡǵõһμ龰ʱҴԼ꣬ѧǰһС˵СҵСȥСáСãʹȥ˱˼ҡ
һµӣҡһľƵҡԼһ׶೤׿ںټˣ۷۵ģ۵ҡ֪ΪʲôҵȻǵõʱҵķӦſȥСЦһ첻ϵȻ׶԰ĸ裬׶԰趺档
裺ʲôѽ˵ûأȵһүǱģΪҵҲүģүǼʮﶼĻˣϵѧ˽ʮУءˣҵ֡ط㡣гǷᣬԢǺ죬үȻϣǼҺˣ
ʱǶΧǣҲ֪Ǳ軹λңСøźòãʱҶʲǺ⣬֪ǸöҵͷӦˡ
ĳұһƨ档ȻҲˣãүģȻϣһľŮӡСճңҸòԶ˯һŴӺöö࣬һֱϳСǵȫȥʱ׷Ŵͳ޵ĺģҲ˺һӡ
ʽΪҵδޣҴѧҵʮһ꣬ʮꡣ
һ죬Ƕһ𣬸˶ҵΪףҲǵʽáٺ٣Ȼ֮ǰѾ͵͵׹ˡһ죬õǺ˵ģҲû˵䣬֪Ҳǳ֡
֮ĵȴбҵѧҵ
ǽ죬ĺ֣ˣʶĲʶġҺģһֱ졣үص˴ϲΣһֱ̧ݲΣóŵһ̣ҵĲˡһϣСߴɬ΢ЦҶǣ½Σ֪һӶᱻץýģ
ĽڽѾ۴Щڵѣ콥İ½ȥ·ҲҪίȻڵĴӦЦ뿪䡣
Ѿȫڰ·΢ЦһжԣҵС˵ҵĻҽ§סģݺݵǵͬһࡣҵȥѣҵİϣӶͷһֱǵż⡣Ľ۽խĴѨһȥۿ۵ˮһ߳嶯ĳ壬ֱ޾ľڣ
۲ϸ˵һǵıˣһɰŮĸǵϲ޷ݣСһжģĻ˵ǵȥΪƴһУ¾Ͳùˡ
иĸǵĸԴĴƴ˼꣬ڸԵĵλòҲ˽ͨߣȥڳİ£ĺСһС԰ͳıõĻⷿҪǼĴУҪ˺ۣ
ЩõĻҸԴȪ
һЩķ֮еģ2006죬һ챾Ҳĩ˾ʱӰ࣬ԭҪɵĹڴҵļ鹤֮£ʮһ깤ˡ쵼ͬ´кҼݳȥһϲԵСЩԵĵģȥϣܸһССľϲ
ûаȣͣóͳԿ״򿪼šһ¥ûõӰֻӶ¥Цڸ˭죿Ҳҵıãۣ
ٺ٣ȥǣҰѵķڲ輸ϣŵ¥ȥ鷿ҿȥûйʵŷÿõıӰڵǰ棬һԭ
žӼҵ˯£ֱڵϣתϣַŶ˷硣۾̬Һһ󷢴ֱ˵һ䣺ʲôôţȻһЦ
Щšô£õ׺˭죬ôģһﻼûʧ֪ڵʲô
ɵһ˻¥£輸ϵĵģ򿪴ţվſڴУãһãڼ𣿴ԼһӣòŴӦһվſ룺ڹصԣޱȵĺ棿ں˭죡
û¥˵ϣ§ҵĲӣĵЦôô磬˵Ҫ𣿡
ϲõСҲҵĻûʧ˳§ס޵ĺ촽ϺݺݵһڣЦϽҵС
ÿֵĽӹĵģļˣϢһ£ҸóԵŶϲ֣лл硣
ãɳϣһһ˿˿Ĳ׵ԺӺҵͶˣȻϣҲֻˣҽӹڵǣԱߣ°ͣĿҳ
ڰһ̾óԣ
°ͼװ˼ţţԱˣʲôأ
ÿЦţչȥ˳һЦʲôʲô¡
ҸϽȥ룬ˮ̨ҵĳһһߣ§סеԱ㣬϶Ҫʲô
Цţʲôϴȥϴ衣
ҽһϴһõϴ䡣һѸٵѵԼ·һ߽⿪õ´öҵĽִͷͷӲͦһ׽סСϴ趼ʵ
һץѪӿϽĲݲݳһ£þʹҴҵ¥ҡʪܵӵϣҲʪܵȥ
ҺݺݵסС죬룬ˢŪıݣš
úʾ㴽סҵͷͬһŪǻҵ˫Ҳʼʵˣļǰǰأƽ̵ͦ塣
ҵһֱ»ȴԹظȼͣ£һֱż⡣һĽףһסĽŹϸƵ̧𣬴սҵСȸ׺òã
ЦţŶ
˭ô֣Ҳֹ㣬ĵطɶˡ
ƨӶ࣬οҿû˵ѡ˵ţҾʹĽ࿪ʼţ̲סҧ˼¡Ű̫УֻǾֱЦڽżǶҴŰһ
ҰõĽֺͷκ˱Ƶֺ⡢ζֺ䣬
ÿҵһһϴŸӵı˵硭þáû˼ҡоŶ
о𣿡
ظϣٴ쵽زðƤַɫӾƽ̹±˻꣬ϵƤ֬Ƶģͻ˵ְۣӪӡ

Цʱ۵Ҳ΢΢ţ
Ȼƽڴϣ鷿ȴֻвŶ΢΢ʧһ߶ȣȴӵĻԲ˫֮ȻóһǳԵһôǣõرԲڿԲĵĵطϸ׵ķɫתΪۺɫϸ٣õδԼһԪӲôεӣƵͷӲͦϡȻѾ˷ܵ״̬ΪǶͷȻûбֱȴѾʵزյҼϴȥ̡ˡ
֣ƽ̹ĸḧɶ껺ػضУӽĵߣ˫ۣز𽵣ҰյĶߣѽǲѾʪˣ
ñ۾ֻǵ˸ͷš
ͻȻΪŪһ߽ɵͷһãһضͷҵҲͬʱ飬ⲻȥ⣬ȴදǼּȴ̺ŷḻԵҵŰ˶š
š硭㲻Ҫߡⶺˡǡš
ñԹҵػսȻȻԼĳ嶯Ȼ˹ַ顣
á
촽˱ͷȻٶǶƯͷòã
áš
Ļش
Ūʱزߣƽ̹ĸҵָӽõ¸ʱһ̣ȫ΢΢ĲţûԲĴڲУֱḧ⻬۵ļŪеɳƵ˵硭Ҫٶˡšҡʪˡ
ƵСҽ촽յѨʱ÷Ƶļסҵͷ˫ۻסüͷĴȣһҵָͿԷϣҲҵմôŵζ峺ȰҺɵ˿Ūͣҵָôߵطȵıϣǲ¶ɫڱڡСԵǵصɫˮѨһƬۺ죬СС֣һȻ˶٣ȴԵæµĻࡣ΢΢ڱΣȴ·ֿƬ΢΢£ҵĽôŮĤżΪ˷ܳѪʹرСССѨȴһµ΢΢źţ峺ɫҺ򲻶ϵ
硭
ðԹĺţ̧ͷõСֻüͷ޳ƵģһҲͲĶˣϽȼ䣺ãһ¸ļͣҽȥ
Ȳؽȼ䣬ʳָָҵжΣͷʵصסĻҲ˳ǰͦѹͷСñ۾ͬʱ˿ƺõı飺磬Ϲš
ѲٿƶԳõĹҸһȥͺͣһµؽֻȻٵؽͻüѨУҵĶУʹҲϢššá桭𣿡
áá磬ݺݵġ塭ѽ
ÿʼԺˡ
ѩ׵ҵĳ̶һĴȸѾҵײ÷죬ϸϸëҴˮŪʪ۵СҵĳͶź£ա֮˵ģǿҵӾẦ̲סͶйֻŷɢԼעášΪΪʲôѽҪҡݺݵġ塭
ΪҡҪҪ硭šҡ
ʼ״εóûɢҡ
찡ֻҵǸţҿ˫֮䣬ֻװ۵ӣҳĽ߶šţ˳Ӳйˡһ߼ӿ˳Ľ࣬һ˫õ˫飬˦ŵĦҵģǶͷͦ͵͸ӣҡȥʹβӭңҼٵĳͺѨϪա࣬ҲʱĻͥջÿϸ΢ġžžʱҲʱرš
Ҵ˿ĵGɣ
õ˳ָץŴڴ棺áԡԡҡССѨ͵ġá͡
ҵ˫ֱ֮ƴ壺áš㡭̫ҡܡˡ
ȺҺ岻ͣǽϵóأüͷС죺ŶŶ
ȻĺͻȻɼ̴ٵģ籦ѽѽ
۵սʹʶþȻһˣ
Ҳ޷Ƶƴ̣ãáҡҪˡ
ڸ֮߳ԭôһʱֻ֮ҵĳšš
һҼ̧ͷĵ΢Цң磬硭ҡԡáСѨ桭

ƴĺݲ弸£ֹͣ鶯ССʪůխӲš
ˡšҸоˡ硭ԡǡҡ桭
ŨҵľҺõҲ΢΢ȸҲ΢΢鴤ţҧأ侫Ľţšš
硭úö࡭
š㡭桭ڡ
ȷҸеõСѨɵţ
һסõϸؿϣеȻˣǻάŰ벪𣬲˳õϵҸЦݣİҵסͷ´ң磬֪ĺܰ㡣
ұ۾ůĻǣôһ˵ҵͷůģҳֹҵĶҵԺ󣺡𶯣ԹԵģ
鷿ǰͷñ˸ǷҾάѣǲ֪ؾƮ˻к״̬˯ˣ§ţʲôζǲ


02
֪˶ãһŮţϹ硭
ȷڽңʶҲšʲô£
񣬿Ҫ˰ɡ
ýεεţ磬Ҫ򡭡
Ŷ
е㲻ԸĳֱŷҾȻһֱſظ˯ţǸȻӲģ˳õСѨʱ࣡һ죬ͷ˻һ˿ҺǣõѨڡ
šܣ˼ұѹˣ
ùߣϸָסǸŶ˼Һþá
ָŪķ˿ס㲻ϲ𣿡
ǰýεε˵磬ȫ飬ѹ˼Ҳ붯Ү
ǡҪұȥ򣿡
һ˵ӿңò
ǸӵʹСͻǰԵͷתأȻ۶ʩˣһʲô˵أ´ߵǱߵĴԵְ౧ڻֻҵĲӣ˳Ľǰ
ߵԡȥ˫ȣҿӯģûз̫ĹҾ§öˮԱߣβͼſĴ֮䣬ˮϷҵļʱֱͦͦضõĺͥõǺܺطֿȣͻȻһˮʹȼ˳ůҺεҵϡҵͷõȼ䣬ϵëǳϡ裬ҿĿİ״ͻƵСʱ¶ķۺ⣬һԴ΢ƵСٲһůܴҺ𽥼ˮҲϸϸһɣеŵҲôԶڳ˶϶ġֻҸоʹʱ򣬲ŻἷһεҺûˡ
۵СѨ˷Īһֱû¹ļǰȻ̣ʱҹùͷȷĻû
Ťͷһۣȥֽ
һ嶯ͻȻƵȥס͵ΰ꣬ȥӺĹɼ䡣ʲôѽ
ʶʲôʱѾֹˣҵ촽ѾסηĻ꣬üн˫ȣҵͷȴ硭ҪŶᡭá࡭
ҲŲ಻֣ⲦŪ۵С˲̽˻϶죬ؽͷ˽ȥš
ѽá򡭲ܳԡ
￹ţȴѩáҲŲںʲôܲܳԣõֻһ㵭ζ򵽵ζȻ˵Ǹ𣬶˵ȴǲҺ
ͷϸ̽ڵζҲתϤĿζе¶ȽߣҲ³Ҫ١ˡŶŶǡҵġ򡭰
̧ͷվ׽ѩһ£ûʪʲôҺأ
ýߵҡͷ֪
ҺٺٵЦţһַסβһַ׼ĿȲһͳ壡
ѽ
һϽ˫ְˮסġ˯˸ҵľǳʢҲӽ壬һ׮ƵĺݺݵŪСײ÷۵žž죬һ͹ԺøӵĻͷԡҵСβ֮䣬΢΢Ŀţţ磬ѽҡҲС̫
ԽٶԼȴ˿δÿζ鵽ڣĲȥÿҶԼĸеͷײһдӲԲڣǶӹνĻ
硭áúģšҪҪ塭ˡ
ÿһε룬ʹҿֵҿסδʱ˫ǰƣʱҵͷ˽ܵĽ֮һķ羰ԣԭÿһεײ֮£÷Բѩξͻ᷺һˣҲٶȷŵĻԶһ£ϵĲֹͣȻ룬Ȼһεѩ˷ɷǺÿ
ݻ壬˳һǿҵĿСȥסõı˫ǰסһԵʮ鷿ЦţѽƨƨŶȴ󺣵Ĳ˶ҪŶ
š
ҡβʲôôţ
Ҵһһ仰ǰúһģһ
ûɵһ궯˫ֺݺݵõӣֱ졣˭˭
š
ߴõĽ磬һѽ
Żҡβ
ĵķ껯ΪŰҳţ㣬С˻
ҽȴޣٶȶߵ㣡ѸͶҳصײϿʼˣ硭ҪѡѡáˡҪˡ
ֻüӲĺҪըˣ޲ðŵõѨȥ
ǿҵĿһϮңι˲ӵʱ䣬ұһݺݵĵȥͷĵסõӹ̵ľҺҵĵıŷˡ
ѽѽ
ұͬʱҲţֱ˫ַ§סҵѩҲĵסҵСһĲѨҵ䶯ţѹţ޲ҺեƵģ
־ǿҵò̱ڵأҺҴӱס߳ҲЩȫ䵽õѨƽԼôԶҵıɻأҽ§ãã
ϴ裬ȥ˶ٷΪ첻ϰ࣬Խ˼ȥK裬ֱӽ賿ŸԻؼҡ
ҹ˺öΣһЩ׷ңЦſңһ׵Ҷȥҹﾪѣ亹谵ҿһ˯ãһ󷭹ԼԲ뿪ңұЩʲôҸôԼ
ڶϣ˶ơѳƵλеСҪҹȥһ£ûϼȥǿɰСҴӦһؼңȻһڳȥú档ҪȥǵıŮȻڴӦҳһ;ʹҴҵĳˡ
Ǽݳ˾Ϊ±ȽϽʲôһ㶼Ը©˾ֵͬ´кʲô£һشһС¡
ڵλ˲СʱֻصҹѾĸˣԸϽĴ򿪵ԣõQQþĴԼˣȥĹͬ£ҵһļһʾպˣԣ24꣬ԡȻϵϴٵģ׼
ҷú˵¼ǵӰ֣ʳЩ⡣Ϊܶ඼ģԼ¼϶Ǻȫ档Ҵ˽һ㣬úʱ̫ûʲô¶ǵ䡣һЩȽϴʵԣòûлӦ
ȻεͼжҷĲ٣Ǹȴһλں
ô˵ģҼƯģ崿ѩסҼŮϾģǵģĴࡣģŮߣرزСУԲͦһǣӣĽϹܹӵӣ
ҹصԣֻöµûţݺݵĴһӡ¥ڿɳϣסĳŬƽҵ顣ϵİοԼǺѽӣ˵ȷǷǳѽӦøеѽеŶ
˦˦ͷŬ£ͳֻô˹ȥѾؼˣӵûСøСϾҪˣ׼ãҪСȥԴͣ档
һǴСĺܿģرСССֱҪַˡֱƻǲżݳ͵ĸȥ
֮һӣرõľֹҲ͵տ¼ûзʲôҲ½Ժ
ʱţת۱㵽2006ףԪǰϦλ֯һᣬ˵ᣬǴһ꣬Ҹھһ𹫿ԺһͬûĹ¹һ˸磬˻ҲŻϹμӡ
ҲãῪĺ֣ܿǺǣҺȵҲˣΪ׵ĺѾ֣󣡵ȻòܺȾƣһҪؼأס쵼ͬµľƣûǺһƣҲ¡ʵ˵һؼҵʱѾκˣøҲϴһ£˷ܹ˯Ҳرر
ҹұһ⾪ѣ˯Ҳɢ˴ľ⣬ʵƽʱҹΪҵϵͳֻܺܽǽʵں˲پƣ׵ơҲ֪٣ȴþȻߡЩ֣ѵҲ򣿲ԡûпŷҺң鷿ĵǿŵģЩ죬øʲô
Ჽȥ鷿ſһϸϸķ϶Ҵյŷ￴ȥŷ촵һȷ磬ţůѽҿڵǰͷŶûһߣûгҰƿһ۲졣
ôһ˯£Ҽǵ˯£ǻȥϺģ˿ϣԸе֣Ǽ˯ڲȫϣ컬ºܶ࣬￴ȥܿһıֻߴؽڴұĵطˣҴĿõıӰ֪ôźãҲ֪˯µǰˣ´ϵţôûȫ߹⣬ǡҲ룡
ʱһҿ־鷢ˣֻЦһ˵ţɿɣˣСӣ
Ȼ˫ôһˣˣ
Ǽ˯ѾȫĻˣҲ˵õȫȫˣ
Ҵʱŭͣһڸʲô
˽ȥþ߶ˣԿȥֻƵһ˾ֵ֣ƵҶˡٿãʧ˯£޴ôҲ˯£һ˫۵ӲͣĻζţڳЦҵɵϣܣ
ҳȥݺһ⣬޳ܣ
öʱסնڵϣӵĿ
Ĳ֪ôݺʮתߡ
ΪǰøҲϴʱûиҴ˯£һױů£ҺҵϿӣץ޷ͳ˼šںϳźҵ֡ûдֱϳӣɳ۶ȥ
֮Ҹͬѧİ˵绰ͨԺ˭
Һңط㣬ҹҪȾƣӺſڣ
˵˵绰ʻʱվſڣһҴ򿪸ţƿϳ
βͷϽܹ˳Ҳվſڿţʣôˣ
û˵ͲţӶʱ·æųֵιιô£Ұ
ûųΨһһͨӪҵľưɣȥ֮ڰ̨ǰ£СܣƣҪҵģ
ưСܴŹǷؼӣҶƱͷôȥҾǺҺݺݵĿԣҲˣ
Ͻĸıʵ㣬ô£˵˵Ǹø⣬˺Լãĵġ
ҪŮˣСܣƣ
ҳš̨Сָܹҵһơ
Ĭˣò˵ˣ¸йءҪ֪ǷЩΪҸһԣҲ֪֮䷢ʲôʲô˵ʧ̬ҪǣþƾԼ
ҿŰû˵Ʊסңصģ㲻Ҫ̫֣賿㣡ҴůıǰҵֵܣҾͲˣ˵̫ˣ㲻˵Ҿֻûȥˣ
ҹƵ죡
Ҵм⼸֡

һ£漴Цˣʲô˵֪ǼλQQϲ֪˶С˧磬ĸͨҲеģɲǡ
ҴĻݺݵ³֣ģ
⣡
ʱסô£룬Һú룬ȱȾơ
סҵ֣ԼȴƱһڣʹѾ̽ȥ쭳һ֣٣
˳Ĭˣðų̾һ㣬¡
ҿҲ˵㣬á̸𣿡
Щ⣬ãȻļŲŲӣս˵㣬ûôءԣԹ壬Ҹ㽲˿ֱɾ£ûСʱڣõĹϵľԼûΪȷ֪ʲô𣿡
ãңҵϥǽ˵Ҹղ㣬ûк̸Լ֪һ⣬شҡãûϸһٻشҡ
ҳƬ̣ǵġ
ʹһĴȣȻҵĴȣǲͽˣ֪ж˺֪ܳж𣿡
ųɵңվҵĺһ£ǰģֻû̸ˣúɣ
˵갢˹䣬ˣɵƣϽȥοȥҲҪȥŸůһů䣡
˼ͷ㲻ңҴĻȥ٣ˣ


03
Թ뿪ˣʵ˵һưҴãд΢һЩڵϾžƱûкȣԺһֱŰո˵Ļǰģֻû̸ˣúɣǰģֻû̸ˣúɣǰģֻû̸ˣúɣ
ãŰԪƱѸٵ˳ȥɱϳֿʼɳţȴżҵķʻȥһ·ϣҴСľͬӰһطţ֪ҷ˸Ĵ󣬾񰢽˵Ҷ̫ˣ˵Ҳǰ֮󷴶Ҳõĸ磬һϹòҵźãһŮˣŮĲǳԱůҪ˵Ĺĺǻ
ңǵļңã
ţҺܺ£һؼҺ󿴲áҺˣҿĵƻŵġ
ڼſڸȻͣסƿţš׵ʱȻˣãڼңȥһѽ§ڻ˳ҭţãԲ𣬸ˣ㲻Ҫ뿪ң
ҲĻرңҪԼҵһͣĵĿţǵģҲãáǸŮˣ硭ҡҶУ㲻ҪҡһˣҺú£Ҳˣ
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Ǳ˴˽ӵһľĽڡϣһֱԶ


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ѩҼһպ㣺ش磬Բ˳ԲˣҵĴܵصģ㳢
һȥҲǢࡣǳԵĺǾˣϯҽ˼СЦָ˵ǸոմҵʱһЩ£ѩֱЦ
û뵽һ̳Ȼͱ˺˸⣬Ȼ󲿷ֵĻǹൽҵĶӣ˳ʱʵѾҡҡ׹ˡ
˲ִֹ̧ĵѩͷΡѩȻᣬҡİڳϣȵҡá˰˵
ѽһȥȵҴ绰
ߵһߴ˸绰ֻܿһסҵĸ첲ߡش磬ȥȥð
ͣȰҡҡλεѩͷǰţҲҡҡλεĴ򿪳ţѹİҹغóţסѩȥĵʱļĴԱͻȻڳӰҶʱԭˣﻹλεذףһе𶯣٣ʶĿǮóȻǲˣ
һʱҵľȥһ롣ҸϽ˦˦ͷ侲ѩλҪ嶯ҪǮ˵Ǿˡ
ʱȴ˿û⵽ѩ峺ǵЦ⡣
ͳǮֽȫͳ˹ȥһûгһƱͬ׼ӴܵʱǸͬȴȻƽСӣϵĽָңǾͷһ
ҶʱŭҺõĽָһҲ̫ˣҴҪǮѾˣҪ̫ˣҵĽָܸġҪھߣҲᱨġ
ٷѾģذҪǿҵĽָҵȻóѣ֮һСŮӣҴһѩ㿪
ȥҪ½ٷ˵ذסѩļһٷҲǰΧңڻֻøһһʹҴһڵϣ˫ס˴áٷҲסˣ˫˫ӵ˵ɱȥ
ѩŵôޣ˵ϴ󺰣ش磬ءû°ɣء㡪ҰҡϽоȻ
ʹнҾʹ˻˹ȥһ㣬ԼһŴϣкüҽһ˵ŻС㣬ˣҺذûп棬λĳºܽʵ˿ڲûд̴⣬Ѿ룬ܿͻõġ
۾һѩæܹеĵش磬û°ɣ۲ۣ
ոҽĻĪģҡҡͷǿЦѩû£ֻҪûܵ˺ͺˡ
ѩһ߿һ˵ءش磬Ҳءû뵽ŪģҲãءҴҶãǧҪ°ء
޵ģҲֻȰһҽҲȰŸ֤죬ҾͿԻĳԺʲôġ
ðѩֹסҵֹеʣش磬˿ʲʣȥˮ
˵űҴҵܳȥҪȥˮˡ̧̧֣˿۵Ҳûȥֹ
Ҳ֪ǣѩҴҵ˳ȥͳ绰˳ȥǱ߸һͨСٻʲô˭㶯ˣҸ˵شҪҪ̣ҡҸû꣡
ǱߴһŮʲôѩ˵ʲôҶס
ѩ㻹װҲֻ̽һ˭㶯ˣ˼Ҳ˴ˣҲ֪ʲôʱźãôµİ
ͣͣͣѩ
ǱߵŮʲôѽ˵ʲôþƵ꣬ҽҸ˹ȥ˼Ҹûпǣֻˣأʲôˣ˭ˣѻ˵òã

ѩŵ˵òþƵꡣ
ǱߵҹʲôƵ꣬ҵ£㵹˵˭ǲ˵Ǹˣ
ѩûˡ˯ȥɡ
˵Ҳͷιιĺ˵绰ѩţСٻҲˣ
һ߽ŵ绰һ߻ͷҵĲʱȴЦݣˣط㣬ܲˡ


08
ѩȥˮ߼λҽҺúþܿͻ֮Ҳȥˡ
ҿ˿ϴһԭĳҲ֪ӵȥˣҽ⿪·˴θһ㣬Ѿ׵˿ڴЩ΢΢Ĵʹ̫ۣΪҽ˵ûд̴⣬Ҳû̫ġ
Һ·´һ䲡ܲ߻һСһ䣬˻辰֮ĻܣӿյȫȻеԣ֪û·
ʱѩһֽߵߵݸңش磬ȿˮɣȵġ
ҵллӹӺһڣˮȣ죬ҰŮϸ
ҺˮѱӷڴߵĲ輸ϣǰŵ˰ɣ̫嶯ˣҵʱҪ侲һ㣬ͲŪôˣˣ㱨𣿡
ѩͷֱҡôܹأǼĴ˵ҵӿǺܴģŲô׾ͱŵˡţҸոѾˣϣԱЩһץݺݵĽѵǣ
˵ͽʱСһĺģѩҲЦˣû£㲻õģûҽ˵ҺܿͺְһʲߣЩ˶ҲҪ̫⡣
ܱǣһҪץ
ѩ߬ȭͷԱץסҲȥץǣֻҪûպУһЩ
İЦһ̽ӣȥˡ
ѩͷţ˵ˣˣҸոնһԪܲѪģ͵һҪ갡
˵ĺһҩƵģɿ᲻ܿ࣬ºҩˣܿģ
ѩ˿Ц˵ģ˼ҵҩܺúȵģ£
ץץͷ˸ҩͺá
ѩС쿩ֱЦ˵⴫ԭʲôԪˡ
ѩ˹ҿ˿ҲЩ棬Բ֮İƵһŨ
ѩ׼ιңҸϽ˵Լɣֲʲô˵Ĳ
ѩҨһһߴչһüƯϸüȣǲţϻô࣡
һӣϿҪƵ촽ףҲֻйԹ죬ˮιҲȷʵúȣģһЩҩζ
ѩһιңһﻹ߶ţŹԡ
Ҳɵ¶Ҧ־Եć
ѩι˼ڿҵı飬ôܿӦòѽӡ
һЦǣֻܱܲһֱ߶ֲСӡ
ͣ
ѩЦǿȣǲˣ˾Сӣ졣
Ҵ֪ǵͬСӵģҺҲû߶ˣֻĬĬĿιҡ
Һ׵İСƣȻﷺһۣģָоҺþûиܵˣ
Сʱ΢չңǳ󣬱΢չãģҺûָоֱϸϸĹػŵҸĸоҴĿѩӿһֻϣָоܳĳһЩ
ˣܿûˣ֪һֱű˺ܲòֻջĿ⣬ҵע⵽ѩѩ׵СѾһ˿糺졣ҲЩ΢ŵĿҲֻ֪Ǵ۾ţҿҲ֪˵𣬲һƬĵġ
ãұһ⾪ѣ֮ǰôƣ֮һˮһЩﲻסˣֻÿڵѩǸ
û뵽ѩȻֱֻŽŵİĿŵһߣһߵش磬㡭˵ʲô

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ҲҪҽҡͷ˫ֳŴ׼´нû뵽һǣ˿ڣһʹðһ亹ֻ÷
һѩҴҵܻﻹһܵѩش磬ҽ˵˿ڸոշϣʮСʱòҪ´ɣǸɾġ
˵ŰĶŵߡ
ҿ˿רŸСõıҵһ£ѩȻվڴߣûбܿ˼ֻѩܲȳȥһ¡
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ѩߣתӿˡ
ҿţùͳһ׼ڣû뵽ȻܼҲǴûù⣬򲻳
ǼһȻ˼ҸϽ۾ãڽҳĺеķˬȻҾѩش磬ûУ
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ҸϽİѼһڿ㣬ÿӡű̽ĺѩѩ
Ѿͷ˰ɣĻشŷĵǸҺˣԽˡ
ͨѩӵĵҡҸղŲǹģҿôˣΪ
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һᣬѩĬһߵϣһʱҲҲʲôõĻ⣬˾ôĬ
֪˶ãһĴһǷѩվشˣҪ˯ɡ
ҵðɣȻȥɣﲻҪġ
ѩȴǿɲУΪ˱Ҳ˵ģôԶһأ˵ⲻŴһϢġ
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ʱҲþܾˣΪȷʵƣ룬εҡҡͷɣ˯ˣҲϢɣ췢ô£Ҳһˡ
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ۣѾգŤͷһѩһߵ˯ú㡣
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ֻڨڨЦҲǿ˯˯һᣬû뵽ǳˣǲ˼
ѩȴ˿ҵЦҷϲɺˣҪٲܣҿҪˡ
æڴӦ
ˮϴ˿ѩȥϴƬ̣ش磬ȥ㣬ԹԵĵҰ
ǺСӵĿǽҺЦѣȴҵĺһܰ
һһЩ鷳ѩùҵֻͨõĵ绰Ҹ߻Щûд꣬ŻҪܻؼҡ
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ѩƺЩûĵô˵𣿡
ĵŮӻǣһЦĿģһֲˣŮ˻ѽжȴϽЦݣûûУרչңҸ˻࣬ô˵ء
ҵЦѩϲ΢ֻһ㣬ʱҽ鷿ˣҽһЩʿСҲҵ˿ڻҩ°ãҽʾܿͺʲôȥˡ
ѩһֱңڵ죬ܹȻµزŰϰȥˣ־ĴҽҲߣ˿ڻָĲѾ̣ҿǸһ˿ڿЦȥҪôýǿ϶סˣֻһһʱ˵ɡ
ѩҳԺû뵽ǹ˾ҲˣҶԴ˱ʾ˸лҲܲ˸˰ΣǵԱʾָлҵƷǳͣ˵˺ǹ˾ǳġ
һѩĹ˾ʽǩ˺ͬҺͬ仯һЩڵͨͨԷɾȥֱӽǧľ޶ͬ
ȥʱѩңѩҴȡҵĳȥʱҴСкĿһƬֻİףŮҸҼݳĿѩڳԽ˼վסӲסҡֱۡ
ǰǩͬϲһ̵Ȼ޴棬ҵһ䣬һ嶯ͷȥ֪ҲܣҲҵļңҧҧţɱƵѩߡ
Ȼ۽ǾȻѾʪˣҲȥۼţѩףҸ
Ҵ绰֪ͨã֪Ҫؼ˷ܲѣֱҪööϲԵĲΪҽӷ硣
صѾҪˣǩͬ쵽˾ٸҪ§úúõ˯һ⼸ҽĲϣ˯ĲǺܺá
ڼſҰȣһֱڵȴ÷ɱͶҵĻҽ§㣬þòԸſ
˺üˣұĴһ١ϴڴİñڻܿ˯ȥ
ҵڶ˾Ѱ˽ڰ칫ѺͬӸصЦݣɻİѺͬݲݵĿ˿Ŷʡ
Ľš
߹ȥһѰס侲侲ڻǸ˵ʱ򡣡
Ҳܿ侲Ͼһĺͬһݾ޴󣬰ũƷҵƷƷһЩزǴûôĵӣһܹԲǹ˾һ޴ķԾ̤һոµ̨סãôֻаԼˣ
ҺͰڰ칫ãһͬȥеԱе˻ңҵԲһ뽫ʮվš
ص˼֮ŰѺͬССĻҶʱķˣҺͰԶЦһ˵ա
ûҲƽŵκܴͬûдĺǲģһΣ˶Ҫ
ϸĽεȥڵõı֤ٴηųһըȻͬҺģҺˣֺһɰչ˾ǵЭ䣬ÿ˶зݣ
ٴεıըˣ˿϶ûϵһľܶ˱ʾ˷ԣûйôֺܷأʾǰѾˣҪģǰԼãͬ־ǣͣ
ѧŵһȭƣҸһͬȭò׳ۣͬ½뿪ҺͰƣͣ
ص칫ңһĴ˼ʮͨ绰֪ܶ˾ʹ˻Ὺʼæµˡҷµ绰˴ʱ򣬰ңˣæһֱҴ㣬ȥԷǰźˣ
ҿֱɵЦˡ
죬˾æĲֺԴҲ½걸ż󷢻飬ȴӵƵĵ绰˵ʵԴӳ˽ٷ¼Ҷȫһˣҽͨ绰׼һ٣ͷȴ˷ܵĽ磬ˣãڴӦˣ
ҳˣôӦʲôˣ
ڴӦᱣˣ
˳صĵһ°磬Ҹ˵˵㡣
ң
еˣʲô
ش磬˵ѽ
ͷŵŵ˵
ûл˵ôôϻ
ŸңΣֻýǷ֮ʵ棬֮žرܣһҪһ棬˵ش磬˵ˣǱܵ磬ͼһΰɡ
ʲô㻹ҽ
һͷˡ
ǲǣ˵ģҿûô˵
Ƽˣֹصش磬Ҹ˵ÿǸŮԲʧġ
Уɣ˵һ£ŸʱҼһ档
˵ʵЩæʵûоȥִЩ飬Ҫұѵһɣ


09
ȷһƵü֮ЦңǸش磬ҺӦþͿԼ˰ɣ
ҴʱһĵŹ˾飬ʵû˼ЩûĴӦҵ绰Ͷ˹УʱֳҲϵ׵ֻȵһԴλװˣ°ʱҺͰ˹˾ȫԱúõףһ
ϯҺ˵ƣǿɲѧҾƼݣŴ΢ľؼҡ
ͳԿ״򿪼ʱſڵһ˫ƤЬҲЩƻӼողŸȻͣĸˡҹϴţſھƬ̣ڳһЩһЬȥԽˣ÷
εҡͷЦǿµȴܲӲˣ˵ʵԴӻһֱûоûã˾ϵƣҽȴΪ˾Ľչ˳Ƿɡ
ûгǣĵİһߣʹųºڿ˳ſڣ龰ʱѪ٣ֻûʹһΧȹվˮ̨ߣ˫ֳ̨ߣ΢΢ǰ㣬ȴԲѩ׵ķθ߸ߵվһT˫õţǴִõηзɿĳţǿСһµײõԲΣžž֮
Ȼǰսòңһ⵽ý´ŵһ˫ˮɫĸ߸ЬϸϸЬʮֿ⣬ˮ̨ҲңЬ洦ֻϸϸƤʮֽ棬һϸϸĳĴӣõһֱϣһֱƵõСȶϲһϵţðԲ˫ȳеĸӵϸ˳
ﲻסĺҵĽţƣ㡭á̫ˣҡûˡһ㡣
ȴ˿ͣһδκݺݵصõѨۿžҪﵽ˸߳ϸУ۰׵ѩƵĳ壬һһµӭţʱҲӿ˽࣬޴ļ͵Ūøˡ
߹ȥڻе˿ûע⵽ԹߣֱߣִΧȹȥס顣
硭ѽš
ʱȫŤͷʱȴͲסҿеϮͷиĻţʹ˴ﵽ˸߳
ҲһһͲ֮󣬽§õϸСõķһսаؽţԭСҲסžʹ˽еˣ
ҸϽס˽Ҫ̱ãѾͷҲھ͵ԣôͷ㡣
磬ˡ
عڨڨЦţŽľ޹˳õ壬޴ͷм۴ȻڲͣŻ׵ľҺ˳§ҵĸۣСסҵĸ첲ӵĲҿҡ
ߺţָõԺ󣺡ߣѾͷԼԱ˾Ͳܸˣһ¡
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ʪĸоҶʱͷһˬ
סҵˣҲסҵѴСԴͣǰʶ
ʱ嶯סõƨһͦҪסһأҺܽͷֱ͵õĺȥŲʮ£Ҿ;ú󱳷飬°ҪըƵġ
ҸϽͣ¶õӣҶʹ˸ɫʾסãΪýվסæӺ汧סãȹ䣬żʹչȥĹͷסǻⴽʪĻ£漴һͣǵʱȫû룬ʧǽ۵ĻѨ
ʱʪŴȵѨޱȵ˷ܣرǵ뵽һȵСѨո˵ľҺҵѪҺĶҲرĴҰҽùͷѨͣټ룬ȻĶȥһᣬõҺƵľҺ֮γɵİ׽մҵߣúܿˬò֪ˡ
һ̽ͷעǽϵĲλ˫Ȼõزꡣ
ͻȻ˵磬ǻûԹõСѨһء
ڶһ嶯Ȼ֪Ⲣʲô飬ȴԴ˺Ȥ֮ǰҺһҲй3p֮٣һǰһƵһ󼤶õСѨ˵Ľ£˵ʵκһɵѨأЦã
Ҫ硭ơǡǲԡ
延е÷Ӧ˵ʲôʱµô
ûĿ顣Ұ§õѩ׵Բδ߳һƨɳϡ
ƽŹŤͼҵĻȴıסƶȥǿμĻ꣬ʪĻѨܵҵааһЦǰ
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ûֹƵĶͷĶѾ뽿۵ѨУƽָȻһŴִİᶨؽ롣
Ҳܣý
ظо˶Ĺͷҵ˽ԭܰҵѨִ߽ĹסΪ޶ȵؽʹܵ˺ƵٶȷŵټѨϵҪ߼ȥƽüࡣ
Ѿͷɵ㣡Ҫȥ
˴ʱȫȫˮÿ˵Ӷǵͨ죬ϲϵˮ顣
Ҳ֪ʱ״̬ȥʹĽˣҲϵýˮСҵϣȻ˫Լ壬СƨŬø߸ߵġ۾˼£Լ壬ҸоСѨ䶯ѨھĿʼ
ҷı仯סСѨȷǣ̫ˡŶɵ㣬ƿҪȥˡ
ڱǵĶŪˣȵڱڽԸоƵĹͷԼһ㶥ڣϺĦҴһĿС
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ȻѾ̫ʹõѨδ͵ѹǡ۸ˣءۡˡ
ܿҾ͸еԼѨԽԽʪ󣬼֮ǰƵľҺ棬оҺһҪӿǱ̫ѨС

õСһ仨ڼزСѨҲϵţʹԼ屻ʲôӲʿˡȴҲ̲סؿʼڳ鶯ֳߣѨؽ
ҵʹͱʵôǿҶĿУһ·վڷ˼⣬ҪֽӵƷˡ
磬ҪˡƵˡ
ѾΪ󲻶ϳ岻ͣؾҡš
ǰǴûռйּȷֳʵмʹ࣬һָоҪƷˡ
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ʣµֻĴѾȫհף񱩵ţ˼Ƿռ԰֪ƣڿҰĳ롣
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ʱ˿̣ǿҵĿ˵壬õĽת֮УҺƼͬʱһͺ𣬽ȵľҺõҲĲ˰ľȫţţһĶ塣
ã˵ĴϢԵƽһ˳ȥҶʱȻͦһɣڵȴѸٵ̱㽫ҵļεİֱ壬§۴
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ΪЦĦҵؿڣ֪ˣҿûгԴŶ˼ҵϣͣ£ԵҸѽ
ŤһСӣЦѾͷһ쵽ϹЩʲô
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òץסҵֵͷ磬ǰһֱΪȻ簮ңӦýҵУŵ㻹ȱ㣬һֱ˸ĸܡƸոո˵Ҫ㣬ҵʱŮôôѽôô󵨵˵Ҫ˵ϹأǡͻȻ뵽ԼҾұøǰûӸĸܣ֪һ͸˸ģôİңңȴܲ˵ķԼ˿ûӵǶԸǶôĴ硭ءԲòãһ͸ģǸŮˣ
һһ
ϸϸ˵ĩĻһᣬǰװãҵСӣڲף֪ʱӲĴúƵϵֻǻϽͣʹøҶȥֻȥͣȥܣܹıʣڵȻǾĽˡ
ҪȻҲֻܵȵƵ֮Բܰһֱҵħ
ҽýıţ૰ο׾ͺã粻ڣֻҪܹҸҲԸ⣡


10
Ȼߣ˵һЩ飬ϣƶϵ
֪飬ܲһһȥͻ̷ֳΣκ鶼ˣֻаͰãŻ᲻ʲô֢˵ͬʱҲοҪɣҪӰҪһºֺڣҪԼҪʲôȷĿ֮ȥһ£Ų̫ź
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Ҵصң֪ⵥͬ˳Ҳܿģһ§ҵĲǣҽıݺݵĩ˻ת˺üȦ
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ڶҴſ˾ҲϣҺͰһΣȷһѾ׼׵źͰֱǰĿ񳵺׳۵ĳˡ
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ҡֵǸۣźǵСҪۡ
Ҳԡ˯ˣҪýңľԡһҹˣصңøҺúõİĦһҲ۵ĹǺ


11
ڶϵ˰һЩָѩ˵绰һѾˣȥأҸоβס˷ܡ
ҺǺһЦ˵绰ѾϰȥˣڼЩϴʱһ£ָѩ˵绰Ьѩֵôش磬ҪЬ𣿡
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ѩףİ̫ллҴ35ЬˣҪ׼Щʲôأ
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ҹ˵绰ȥһ˫ʵ˶Ьȥѩû뵽ѾھƵſڵˣһҲ֪ĶҵķаµģӦǸոճȥİɡ
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ÿԭһ̵ȹһ£ҿ˿˿ѾγһһָԲС¶һƬ֬ļѩ׵Ƥϻһϸϸ˿ڣԼ幫ֳǲֻǽƤ
ҷοû£һƤܿͻõġ
ʵǹҿǲܣΪССɽͷ·ߣӦûʲôģ֪ˡ
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ҺǺһЦɵѾͷСܿͺˣ죡ֻҪ죬ұ֤Բκκۼ
Ŷ
ѩŷվϣ㿴ϾҪɽˣǱ˭ȵǶôӮнҪ
ð˵㻰ˣѽ
ѩһ˾Ⱦɽȥ
ˣ
Ҳߵĺ
û취ֻÿٵİаѩȥûзſٶȣֻǸ治ԶһСһ΢Цſǰ滶ţȻѩӮˡ
ѩ˵Ӯش磬ʲôó
ûлػֻصЦţ򿪱óһĸӲһ޴İµĲݵϣţҴӱһһóöණ۽ʣӣɣɿмţ̡
ۣöóԵѽ
ѩЬӣһӻӲϣһʳƴԼ£ȴ˿ûע⵽Լ˫ȴţ˿·ɫСڶɼˡ
ͷһæתͷҶ࿴ȡһ޿ִ򿪾͹
ֻŴûļֻüͷιѾͷע󰡣Ѿ߹
ϧڸģһСţںĹûˣʲô

ˣҲ˰˵ʲôѵһľͷ
ǣ
ѩЦ֪һľͷ
ߣ ˵һţ̣ܺݺݵš
ңߣвŮ
Һߺţȹߵһߣһ̣ɽֲ̣кܶ໵ϰߣҲҪѧңʵڼҪƽһ£ðͷļ¶
ѩСӮһѣֻǿЦеţ̺ȹ⣬ͷ£һ˫۰׵ĸ۴ſ۾ĺţѽ
ҳһ֧̣ͷŷѩûгˣѩ˯𣿡
ѩһ˵ңҪ˯
ˣ˯߹ȥͷߣֲͷԴѩ㲻˵Ҫڲݵϴ𣿿
ѩȴҲҪȹҲŹ
٣Сӣҧ˵Ǻãҹ˰Ҫҹ㲻Ҵƨɰ
ɵߵĲݵϣȻСʱҲɽͷϣŴ棬˲֪ٱ顣
ѩûЦҲҰƭҴ
ûĻش㿴ˡ
ڲݵϹ˺üȦͣ˵ˣڸˣ
ѩҹֱЦֽкá
ûй˼Ҽ˭ºڵģηηţ뵱ͷڹѽҲûʲôʵСڹҲͦÿġ
ѩ˴޺޵͹ˡ
˵ڵϣ߹ͣʱȴЦѽԭҲô棬һ顣
δֹȥֹ΢ЦѩȻˣŮӴСڸˮгͻȻع㣬ڵĴȻ˲Źأ
ѩҿС˵ģֱֹʵظżٵĺţȹΪҵĹȹѾ䣬¶һѩ׵ļǿԲԲĶѶպ¶Ҫǣֻʣһ˫˿࣬ķߩŮ۴ķɫСڿ㡣
ҵһҵԺֻһ˼άֻ뱧úõ
ʱһɽ紵ԶĴһ֨죬һףҴоѡҰԼҾ˺ǰɰŮӡ
ѩһٴλҵķߣȻһεӶſҵϣѻ̵Сҵؿţش磬ҡϲ㣡
ŶҲҶ̾ѩѾİӣĲܸҸ㡭ְɣĲ˺㣡
ѩؿڰͷסҡ̧ͷңǰ͸Ѿˮͣ˵ţҲҪҲҪʲôҪֻ֪ϲ㣡
˵㸩ҵסҡ
ҵԺȻһѴʱ㱻飬õŮѽ
һ˵ʲô
˫һȦ§סѩϸҵĻҲͣ˱꽿۵ӣѩϵſС죬Ѹٵİ̽ȥһŪסСͷһϱ㽫ס㻬ŴζҺ޲ð̽ȥ
ҵ˫Ҳûͣ£ķ۱һĦ£˿§סǻԲͦ˵СƨɣȻĸţš
ȼҲѼӲɵ˶ܴĿռ䣬ֱֱţһֱ嵽ѩ˫ȼ䡣
İסѩСƨɣСʼִͦҵĿӺѩ˿࣬ѩ۴һĦ
ѩѽƵƵҲţҸڵ´棬ѩſ޷ʩչұס͵ķѩĽѹ£ǵ˿ûжϣҲͣ˱ǣɿڵĽҺȫ븹Уѩ˫ֲסҵľĻӦҵȡ
ҵ˫ֺͣЪȹһһסǸʵ壬ͺֵ֮ʢģǰֱֶĿʽҵ˫ܸܵǾ˵ȶȸÿʱǶԲ鷿ᷴƵĵҵָ
һ˫鷿ãɾǲ׵ƿЩƵ˫һֱѩϸͣƬ̣Ȼȹ棬˳ƽϸһֱϣظҵָͷ΢΢ֵıԵ˫ֲֺ˽ȥ
һϵĸо޷ݣôôů
ôԲôļͦĵĳ嶯Ըӣס˫סǶ鷿İҵһֻȫ綼ҵС
ѩ⵽˵Ϯȫһս鲻Խظϸ߸ߵĶһСš
ͻȻٵĽԵѹ֪ǴԿʼȱķӦֹͣϵĶһֱûͣϢҲֹҵ촽뿪ѩС죬Ѿ΢΢ӣĶѩ΢Сڣĺɽʿð΢ƽһ㡣
עСֻ¶һ΢Цһ˫΢ŵ۾棬ȴڵתֱҵ
ҵ촽ķǣһֱĶߣҰôѾͷղô¸ңȴҿѽ
ѩ⻰ǽ߲ѣȴȻǿҲ£㣬ܰô
СѾͷ˺ǺǵЦִѩ鷿ϳ˳ɵѾͷôҪ㣬Ҫ۵ĵһΡ
ѩҵͷٴҵţϸ˵ظ磬лл㣡
ظ磿磿Ѫӿٴΰڲݵϣ


12
ҺѩִСɽʱ̫ѽбǺʹ˸˱𣬴˼˾ȷʵֻܽ˸еĸˣԶԶĸǵĳ˺ԶҶĿ˼еỨ
·ѩһʱĻȸԾڸһľѾͷôкϽȻͬһ棬ЦŸЦǲΪЩĵѩôǲǹָ۸ˣ
ѩҡҡͷ˵ǵģ顣
ҸϽʲô飬ѩͷ˼һ˵ҽܿģǽڴҸдҷӼûˣ֪ǶܵҼĴдȥˡУҿһĴӵʱҵģʮˣڵũֻⲻӦãӦӵģҾũӦÿԱøһ㡣
ҵͷǰʵũҲƣԸͶʣ˾ͿԾͽϰ࣬ңũʵҵʵȫԵͶʵĸԴͽãҲԽԼʵʽ𡣻нͨҲ⣬һ֮ڣϺ죬ϵµݣʵǺܱģܹúЩƣӦǴǰ;ġ
ѩϸҵķڴĿң˵˵ûʲôõĿ˵ЩͶʵĿռ䣿
̧°ش㿴棬صũﶼͶʵģ㿴ѿԼӹɷѽ߲˿Լӹ߲֭˵֭ܲ۲֭ȵȣեݫĿԼӹˬڲˡЩֹƷкõʦ֮ҲкܴгɽҲкöСϪԴͷûȥһȽϴ̶ˮɿڣӹһȫ˵ǿȪˮЩͶʵģ
ѩĴ۾ʣ磡˵ҪǺûпܰ˵Щ
ǣ
ҿ˿ЦЩ˵˵ܰ쵽ģʽһ棬۶Ҫǵģ㲻ڲֿõɣ˵ȻǸСţôʽִŪô򵥵ģ
û뵽ѩȴᶨ͵ͷǣʽȥ취ֻҪߵ۷ǿպΪģֻҪܳɹ㣬Ϳܱзչֱǵʡȫ
ôһ˵ҵҲʽ۹ܵû⣬ûˣѩҪⲻʮ飬һܿҪͶǧڵʽ𣬿ɲǶϷѽ
ѩսСȭͷܿ϶Ļشңʽû⣬ȱֻģ磡˵أ
˼СﶼôˣôҲ϶ĵͷǺãЭһܳɹ
⿪ŵĳϣǾȻöһͶ
ѩ˷ܣһ·ϺŸ⣬û뵽ǣھƵסһڶһҵ涼ûͻպȥ˵ȡڽǵĲƷʽߣ
ȻѩѾͷˣһүǻи𣿽ҵϣרѩһһϳһʳƷӹ
ȻֺѩͷȥһżңַҲѡѩҲһϲѶֻͶʷһ£ʽͿϵλ
ڹ˾ټҿ˸飬ʽжܾҵܾһְ˾ĴСɰȫȨԺֻˡ
һæҵô£˵ʱʱʵʱͻˡ
ȴҲɣһΪ椵ģû뵽۵ƵģӣһˣҸɲˣɡ
Ц㲻ûȥͷӣɸӹ
ҧгݣߺߣһӣȥǸңҿݣ
⻹ࡣ
ļ򣺡ģԿģⶨһЭ飬ѹɷ·һ£㿴ǩְɡ
Ҵóһļ
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ӹһеһĹɷݣһƱȨûлɣ
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Ȼۣҵļ˵˭˵ûֵܣⲻǾһ𣿡
㶨˰صȴ˶ӣϴڴϺҰµ˵ҵĴ㣬ɵ磬˾ſ˲һ꣬Ҳ˳¯һҪǳ˲ɾ鷳ѽ
ұοҲΪõĻڲŬƴԺҸɲˣʱڶˡ˵һᣬеۣҲ¿ʼģøøҸġ
ðһʵҾѾҸˡ
§ãյĦЦȻڼϹ㣬Сư㣬϶Ը
磡
ýŴҵؿڣһץס˫ƤС֣ͷס§סӭҡ
һֿȵĳǺӵһѹڴϣ˫ְסʮָۡӣǼһ£Ŀԣʵ磬۾֣ʲô󻵵
ҺٺЦ󻵵Ҫǿ㣬ɣ
Ҫ˼ѾϹͷŹҺ𣿡
ҺߵϹô㳤ôƯϣǲŹġ
˵ͷסһͷ

ýһһ鶯һеǿѽҪ
˵ŲҪȴĽһ鷿ͦ͵ҿ
˱һ͹ͷ̧ͷЦ㱻ǿ飬ôԼ͸ԣǻǿô
żͷɡ
ûãñͣϸϸʼסҡڣڽŵ硭ˡңҪ㡭
ҲϷŹ̧ͷЦһЦҪʲôأ
ǻֻصҪҪġ
ҼѾͲסֻհ죬סѹͷסţĥƬꡣ
ʱѴˮ磬ʪǳһͦͷѨһֱӹоʵ̫ˣõСѨʱͣĺס
ˬһʼסĳ룬Ϊխǳ̣ÿ¶ֱƬ̣þͲɵţááHáϹ硭Һð㣬ҪҪ뿪ҡ
һ߳ͣһ΢΢شҲˬã߸磬Һ͡Ʊȣ˭ɵá
üҲǣ˼ѿڶã硭Щţ١һ㣬㡭ȥ
ðɡ
⻰ɵ۷죬ҡҿɲã԰ɣ
Ҽݵѹͷһֱܲ⣬ȫסֻѡ
ֻá̡ˮõˮϵظҵһͽ˵ȼŪʪһƬ
ҲظųĶһ±һҲһ±һ¸롣
ãˬôССѾͷҪô
õ˫ȲԾŵؿģŤӭǿĳ̣ĿУԻȫģֱֻҪһ㣬嵽桭磬ٿһ㡭
ҵţҲϵϮ
ػðѽѽˡ硭硭Ҫˣ
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ýãޣޣ
Ҳοţͣıס۾ø߳ѨĽҧ
ĸ߳ƽϢҲҪ籡ѹסˣҽõ˫סѹ࣬ʹŢ΢΢Ѩ߸ߵͦ죬ʼһ
ǰΪҵĳһζһ˫۵鷿ջңԼס䣬ץס˦鷿áӣðףεãˣ
鷿ϴʹοѨֱҲǣȴҸ᣺Ҫ㣬硭ۣ졭塭ң
ˬʹ״Ρ
Ҹҵײţн۵öˣң㣬ѾͷҲҪҪˣ
ٵײ֯͡ҵĽ֡ܿģùֳ鴤űٶȵĸ߳֡
ҲҪＫޣͺŽʣȫŷȥֱһĲҲֲס̵ľҺõСѨ
ҽ§ã֫һͬŸ߳ϡ
֪˶ãҵļͷ磬أ
ҺٺһЦһߣһѹˡ
漴תһ£ͷҵı۰򣬰ѹϡ
§סһֻᳵ·ĸõظŽԵ鷿
̧ͷң磬Ѿˣ
ĲɵĻشŶǺð
ȴ˿δͣ
硭
ý˵ģ㵽ûѽ
ͣĶţ˵һ顣
ÿңһĵѾˣҪƶϾ
ģ
һϲ漴ʵĿˣڣ
üᶨĵͷţҿǵĺˣ⼸ͻ̯ƣҲڡ
ã
һϲĽһѽ§ڻÿģ˵Ϣлл㣡
һҡͷסҵʵҪлл㣬磬֪꣬һú࣬Ҳԣ磬ҷģⱲӶ㲻ˣһѧһӣ㣬չ㡣
ꡭ
ʳָס촽ʲô˵ˣֻҪ㿪ģʲôԸ⡣
§̲סٺٵЦ
ҵؿڣظһ£Ѿסšҵ˫ҲȫߣԺͻȻũҸ
úȻʵ˸磬ѩƯ𣿡
ҲʶľҪѿڶƯҵһصľҲ֪ôʣô֪ѩģѵǰģ
ǿż˵԰ɡ
óԳԵЦţĿڲһӴ磬ĺ
ҺǺǵڨЦţôûҵƯ
Ѿˡ
΢΢һҵ磬ûְʵҾѩĺƯģưƬ˺öңҶֻ
ɲǼҵͷҪըˣѩƵãʱ˿ҵһƬ磡ҼٵĴоԼҪֹͣˡ
һϽҵؿʣ磬ôˣǲﲻ
õİǿЦû£ոеĿʹںöˡ
һˣĿʹҪҪ磬ȥҽԺɣ
ûôء
Ц§ӣĴıģûˣû£㲻õġ
ұƽɣŷ˵ǸѩˣҸĿۣ磬˯ˡ
ҹصƹ⣬Ȼ죬ôҲ˯ˣ


13
ҹ۾ûһ˿⡣ԭƵãҴһЩˣǧľ޶ͬҪԹȥҪҺʵҵƺõĽͻȻ룬ٷҲ㰲ŵİɣѩ㻹డ
ǺǣĿЦţ̽ĸ磬ʹˡҲ̽ңҲҰһҲѭӦˬɣ
ѩҸôأѣôǵĺҲ㵽ͷ˰ɡĿȷʵܸϼҵǴôҪǼ壬һʹ˶Ԩɣһĺ˼룬ֱ˲ı˻ۡ
ȥϰˣڼҲ֪ʲôȻĿкܶҪȥܶʵ᲻ҴڼֱҲųһ档ʱֻȻѩҶֻҧҧͨ˵绰ѩ˷ܵ磡ͶѾ׼ֻҪȥͨʽܿͻ
ŶҵĻش𣺡Ǻܺð
磬ôǱ߳һ£ѩŹеʵ㲻𣿸磬ﲻˣ
ҺǺһЦϷʵҺܺðС㡣һˣϷ۵ģҵĺϻ˼Ͷˣ
ͷʱžѩȻش磬㶼֪ˣ
ԳЦǰ˵Ҫңɳٳûģһǲ۲۵ɵһģǵĺУ㲻ԸˡϾĿģҵɺһ˳ҲּҵĲҵġ
˳ҪѩЩˣҲҪ˳ظ磬ھ㣬㲻Ҫң绰͹Ҷˡ
ظ硱ҶһȵƹҵĻָпҹֻһӵɳϣҸúȥδӣȻûҵ𰸡
ٽҽӵѩĵ绰ѾˡҼݳȥԼĵصҼMiniûˡ˳·ߵ̻ıӰһųϡ߹ȥȴֱӣĿǰһŰһССİֻһ˶ߣȴעš
һᣬŮӣϲѽȻôԸأҲǰ֪ԼҲĵϲˣֻҪȥĽһѩҲݽȥ޷԰Σ
ҴվֱһǷҡѩѾˣֻһȹһ΢紵ϸĽɪɪķҵʱڻˣҹܲôˣֻ֪ŮϲңҲϲȥɣϲ
ѵ£ȥŵļͷ磡ѩһ˵վһȸԾ˵ҵĻţΪ㲻ˡҲҸ绰أ磬ԲҲãҲƭģҰɣҶУֻҪңĺܶԲء
һĴıģѾͷޣޣôᶪأֻǡѩƭҺÿడˣٿ޾ͳɻèˣѾͷԭˣ粻㡣
ģѩϲĺֱֱĿңԭˣ
ǵǵġǰ§סڳϣϵˮȥĲˣҲҪ̹ףְסؿڣѾȥˣһСһȥˣζβ
͡ѩ˵ΪЦ˼ֲСӡ
ǺǡұվЦûгԷɣҴȥԷ绹кܶ໰Ҫء
šѩĵĵͷʲôҶ˵ʲô߸磬Բƭ
ѩȫȫ˵һ顣ֻǾãһ˿ΪӵҸΪȻԿݵĽһˣһȻԼӣܸȤҲǳɲһ˿ġ
ˣǸô˲Ż˿ؽ󡣳μʱ˻ԣҵģ̸ֹ¶̸кͻȻ붺һ£Խһͬѧңû뵽Ͻٷˣˡ
ȵȣȵȡҴٷ˲ɵģ
ѩС⣺ͬѧ˵ص㣬ǻˣôܽõأ֮ǰҲû뵽ѽ
ųҹڻ飬ƽ࣬ҵͷʾѩŸңҽԺ죬ȻæչңȴܿģҲϷһЩŵ㣬Ĭʣ⣬ϵȵȡ
жȥżʱѩ죬˵ɻƯԥˮ棬ժĻ䣬㲻֪ҵʱж࿪ġҵĸ磬СͺܵƤܶʱ÷չģҴСһֱ룬ҪиҳҸͺȻҿվˮѻݸңҵʱ룬ҪһҾͺˡżһΧţ˼ҿģҾ룬һźһˣһһˣҾͣҾ͡ѩ˵ӿһƬƣߵĻȴôҲ˵ˡ
ǣͱˡű˵˳
ţҾͶˡȻѾǺѩ˵˳
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磬ظ磬ôѩҵĶͷҴӳлѡҿ۵Сֽ׽סЦѩҸô죿Ҳ˺㣬Ҳ˺ãһôװŮӵİ
֪ѩҵͷظи뷨ý̸һ̸磬𣿡
Щȣ̧ͷѩЦˣģ֪ý㣬Ҳ뿪ҵ뷨ֻȸͬ⣬Ҳܸ˵
ЩˣСԹ㵽Щʲô⣿
ѩЦţҪһ֣˺˭ֻ취 ƹƣѩ˵ҲֻŲ£ʲô˼أ
˼죬Ѱ˸ʱãɲԼѩú׼ƽĴӦˡǣ̫ƽ˰ɣе̻̲᲻
ȴЦһûУϣѩˡôңҿɲԿؼҲҪһܱ˶ּռˡ
ѩãɻˣǼˣ
ҡͷԵ˵ûУһֱϵĵúͶŶ飡һǸɵϵӰ
ȻңҲ򵨱һͻʳúݺݵİڴϣСһҪصĳͷ㡣׽סʹ
磬硪ס֣һл˵Ļл˵òͣģʱſݺݵĶ˵ҵĻСƨɿ
ôãŴһĸңҺƶϽˣԺ󲻻ټˣ
ʲô𣿡ѶϢһʱתæʵô򵥣ӦԶˣ
֣صĵͷţ
ֿ˻޷˵ֻȥƴҵòΪĶ뿪ңջǻصҵߣˣͣҵҶȥҼѣ棬ԭôã
ӵңΪҲȥˮԼҲỨ磬Բԭõ֪ǰǴ̫ˡ磬ңҲ޻˵ҿ˳չ㣬ֻҪȥͿˡ
ɵѾͷⱲӶǸСޣ簮㻹ôᶪ㡣˵Ļˣ֪𣿡
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ҺǺǵЦţúúã֮ǰѾͷðҳһŶͦƨɣǼӲѾֱֱðһۣô˼ôԵ ˵꣬ͷȥֻڹͷţǲϳԽȥ
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 ͷðɳŵǸޣһʪſ죬ϸۻסҪһ˱š
Ŷ磬áҪҡŶÿʼûзҵߡ
 Сɧˣ˵һ䣬ִչȥ˱ţֲ᲻صð۵ƨһ£ͻȻУûáȥˡǽѨҵţҪҵͷȥҿɲ뱻ϳʹͷҺֱȥһ΢΢١
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ſڴֵң磬ʲôȥѽ
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һصңÿϵʱţ磬ûҲҪ˵Լ縡͹ĽĹסˡҺٺٵЦţֻҡϴϴɫĴֳӣ
ʱȥɧãȴӴͷȡֻףֱϣյǰҡѽأ
ðѸԴֱҡҪҪ磬ߡ
ȴûһֳҵ棬ƹű͸ʪܵĽѨǰҽӵѨڣת롣
ҪţšǱʶɬ벢£˫ȼнȴͷ쵽ȼʹܵóѡ
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ƿ˱ؿѩ׵ĴȼɫĩˡұﾰɫԲԼֽһΪֳùҰӶѨڴʵѾûһ˿϶һתӣѨڳһ˿ѷ죬֭ܿҸϽѼ˼˽ȥ
ҪҲˣѵġõӼҵز
ЦţеģѾͷУؽڶƽƽҸокܴһֱţڣڶӾȻҲȥˣѨڵķⱻ˺ȴİӡ
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ʱһģҺֱѨḻ֭ˮĨϣҽѾ̱÷˹ȥſڴϣͷס۵η죬ͻزõĺͥýֹ򶼹ȡҿʼİڶƨɣ۵ĺѨ
ʹţţء硪ҪˣҪˣãǣ硪ۣһ㡪أ̫̫ˣáˣõСһţԭ̰׵ķ۱Ϊҵİɵɫѩ׵βγ˰ˡ
     žžĴǱҵĸײԲζģõϴš磬㡪һ㣬ҡҿΪĻøӸ͡
硪ҲײõҵĿ±һϸ֣ܵõҵսţ֪˺ѵĸоʹ̼˷Ҫ۷ˣңҲѨĽ֮¼
硪߳٣ýס˳
ѾͷãҲҪˡҽкűõץݺݵײһҲŽõѩΣѴһһɹɹ̵ľҺҵõĺͥڣ
ֳ֨֨ĴӣҲܲСѨľܲԸıǿм˳ڻȻһգþȻڸ֮߳ʱٴһ۷塪ã


14
ͷӵѩĵһ棬Ȼ֮ǰѾйȻ磬ͷݱɱ¼
ҶˣǼһ̾ůļڡӵȻ棬ڵĽýиͣҾˣ޷ҵ飬ӡУᣬΪеŮˣ㲻ȭƿڴҲǺü۰ɣ
ұȫˣұ׼һЩʳͲˮȻŮǣ¥ȥ鷿Ȼɿ˺гĳΪˬ죬еԼˣǺǣ˲裬ҳһЩƽʱԵʳȥǡ
Ů鷿ϸϸҲֻšˮʳˣЦ¥ȥɳϵһ̣ĵȴҵо顣ǵ̬ҲӦòܻɡ
ǽûеȵ¥ԸҿǶӺܶҪԶĵѩʲôѩֻǵƤһһЦ˵֪𣿾Ͳ㡣
ҵһֱţֱϰٺѩڿͷ˯£ڴϰòߵųûʲôûϵһ˽ţһҡͷ˵硪磬ңҲ˵ѽ㣬ǣŶģĲܡ˵磬úģҪҪˣ
ƣһֱû֪ѩ˵ֻҪý˾ͻ𣿵ѩȴֻǶ棺Ͳ˵ɫǡֻ׽סݺݵֱͬһ滺ҵơ
иҪæµѾպе¹˾ܲҲַʼҺѩһһͷæòɿÿ࣬Ҳȥ˹ҡŮŮԼߣ˼Ҹ˻ˣ˼춼һϸؿǣÿζϲԵ졣
ʱһξ͵2009Ĵ죬µķսѾ깤䣬칫¥¥ʳãֳ̻ˮȵȽ뱸ֻ豸װϣԱƸͿԿʼѵϸˣ
ҵʵѩҲպԭλ쵼ͬ£ó׹˾ͬǣ¹˾ͬǣ֣̾ҵֵȵһЩ쵼ĴǶˣͷܶò֡ڰ칫¥ǰС㳡ϣ˼ʮʢľƲˡ쵼ǰ˻ķףƴǣžǽСʱƱյ
쵼ǣͬǣǣɫѽڰúѩһһҼңҷܾңϴ˰ԵһЩɳϻ࿴ţ϶ҸֵЦݣʱ˵磬ȥȥ
ðһȥ˵
ֹסңҶ˵ҪȥúѩǵðŷҪ˴ǣ˵껹صգգ۾ԺĿѩʱһɬһҵѸٵĵͷٿãȴѾȥҽ˳ֹˡ
ظ硪øոճţѩ˵ҵĻ˫ۣĽëţ۵Сţҡ
Ȼ˵ĺܾܾҺԥؽ촽ӡѩεӣϡ˫ֽȦסѩ§Լ޲ýҵãǵĴķֿѩͷҵϣ૵ĵظ磬㰮ѩɣѩٵˡ
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ңҺ˾ƣûϴ裬óİ㲻𣿡ѩ˳ĳԥ
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ⷬıף΢ľɢֿ˻һʲô˼ŮӶ˵ˣһѱѩϢһҾһѣϢұó˺ɫأĴͷıӣǽŴć֣ͷ϶źֽ컨ϻĵ
۵ģǴһѩ׵˿ҲЦãѩıǼһµʲô˭ŪⶫڶʲôˣСԴﶼЩʲôѽ
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ѩסҵ죬ظ磬Ҫ˵Ҫҡ
İŮҵҲ嶯Ѫȫѽѩذڴϣİ£ѩ׵ظէȻʱһΣͷзŹضѩ׽ۣͦԲϵ˫飬ޱȽͦţѩ΢΢µԾšŵ˫İǻԲİ鷿ϣŷ·ޱȵҵ˫Уֻϸ۵ҵָ졣
أԸϵţѩͷϢӲסԭͷWޢͻԽԽͦĵĸдԡ
ҡظ磡ҡѩţɤϸ
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ѩţҵעӺƾɰŮΪεĽŶ޲ߡҲܲסջ󣬵ͷȥסǽ۵֮ԴǽµŶʱһϸṴҵоһĨʪȵҺŮ鶯ˡ
硪Ҫ𡪡򣬺ãߡѩסҵᶯҲҹͣ¶ȥ۽ҿҵ˫ֵ顣˵˫ȼ䣬ҵĹͷѾխСŻ΢΢һһûСѩȫҲ˫ıסҵͷ۵սҵѩ˺ѰʹҵĶ԰׺СϴǿЦ̫ظ硣ѩֻҵظ磬κһ£
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ҵĻѩߵòķ۾ͷߴߣԲ鷿Եһֱͦ⴦ʪСɵķɫδȦȦٰССӣѾա
ѩķӦѣżϸƽ̹С鴤һ㣬Ҳյ˫ʣã֣Ҫ򣬲Ҫˡ
ȴ˿Źе˫壬ʱʧ֮ʣҿȴһ͹ͷѨڣһ㱡谭ͦ˴ߣδ˵ʪխŵġ
ѽѩһϢüĿաֻ壬ŴŴѨعţҵֵͦš
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ѩڲ֪䣬˫ֻңͦʰ׵ĳĥһʹ㽿ͺͣ¶ǵ鶯鷿ϵĿϮʱֲԾŤ㷴ļнƵƵ૵á֣硪ʹءã顪
§סѩͷ鷿䣬һĽ˳ѩ΢΢ü𣡺áۣۡظ硪ѽһδ䣬ѻ˵ԭҧͷһֻԲ˼Ρ
ѩ鷿쳣Уһֱ§ңֻҵ壬ƽ̹СͦմֱѨ롣
ҿʼĳͣģҳķԽԽҲϵ̽ѩĵߣֱһ°γ룬ֱͦͦ͵ף۵̫գһ¼һҵһѩ§ҵĲ޷ƵĲȫѩ̲סһڳĿ룬Сţñֱϣ鷿ȫϸܵ㺹
εסѩ鷿οʼɻݱɼٵǳ壬ѨصĽ֮ŷһΣÿҵĹͷ봥ףǹᣬĿζͻʹѩͷٲɢоԼĽ񱻻һѩϿʼ޵ҺɫԲķβɵͦеҡҲ硪ңˣأ磬硪ᡪһ㣬
ŬĿѣѩ۵ĻӦҵĳ壬Ѩҵİʱʱ˱Ҹеȫ쳣泩
Ȼѩ˫ץסҵĺ󱳣ҪץȥѨסǿ࣬ͺҪжҵһʹѩÿһ¶쳣ѡ֪ѩ߳ǰ࣬һºץѩ˰ζķ壬ѩһԻԲ۵鷿üΡҲǿ͵ʱֱ֣ҵͺһֱֱǿгֱѩ۵Ļ
ѩֻ֪ŤʶԲΣӭҵĳ壬Ѿ뵽һֽӽտ״̬УؽţйšͻȻѩȫһҵĳ鴤СԴһҡŷһҡ硪Һã֣ҡҪˣ
ͬʱҲоѩĻĴһɾ޴ĳ鴤һֱĳţǿй⣬ÿһ¶ʵʵײѨĻģѩСϲϸܵĺ飬С΢ţҪˡ磡ġѩҵţ۾ڰ׷ڴһְΰѵʧ״̬£Ͷ԰Ŀ⣬߳εнȴһӿĸ߷ɡ
УҴŴȻһ½һµĿѩĴŮˮ꣺ѩѩӡ˵ҪͣѾͷûУѩѨһ壬ֱûףýϸһ˿϶󡱵ؼƬˮ
ѩսײסҡҪҡһظ磬ˣ
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ѩӽҹ̵ľҺһ壬ʱ鴤ֹ
ÿ˵ǵβʣֱ΢дʹȻû籡ֹſѩʪ鷿䣬֮־ľѩ㽿ᣬô˷ݣҽѩ§ڱȴ᲻ƿĿ⣬ĽϸϸΪĨȥͷĺ顣
Ҳ֪˶ãѩĻعӣϸȻͣţظ磬ҡ󡪡һأã
Ҳ΢ЦˣͷȥñǼĥ̵ͦСǣѩϲ춼ϼء
ѩ˲ߣԭȭҪȴĴ¡һѽסСָ֣ĸ󣺡ѩģޱȣ硪ķǳ֣ҪѩԶңҹҹƷѩζһ춼ҪŹòá
ѩ˵֣أǿҷԷθϲϧɵĵһ𣬽ůһƬѩͷȥϲСѩѩôã㡪۸˼ңȴѩ׵ķ۾һƬ졣
ķ۾ѩĽһҵĻ´áѩƾʹܣŤŽС˳ѩ˳Ѩʱȴһ˳֪˿̵ĸоģȴ֪ʵô
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УҽеǲУҲͬ⣡
ǺǣѩؿŤһ£ɵ磬㲻͵ѽ汿
ѽͻȻҿû˵͵͵͵ҵСԹԣǸŹ־ĻѾͷ§ѩݺݵ˹ȥ
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ĲݲݵˣܶԲҡ
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